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The unquestioning use of mental illness diagnoses as if they are un-contested and capture meaningful and invariant individual-level diseases is difficult to justify, and may have harmful consequences. It is reasonable for societies to seek defensible and transparent approaches to resource allocation (e.g. welfare benefit entitlement), but the use of diagnosis is a problematic foundation. In this respect, diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia to be included in DSM-5 were greatly contested in the years running up to its publication. These issues were not resolved in the scientific community.
People choose not to use mental health services for a range of reasons. Of these, some would benefit from them, and others live well outside of services. The more a person can develop a rich and layered identity as a person in recovery, rather than a thin identity as a ‘patient’ , the more they will develop resilience and the ability to meet the challenges of life.
This reasoning bias reflects assumptions of chronicity and deterioration. In other words, studies are criticised for being too short to detect relapse, but the possibility of being too short to detect recovery is not considered. The available empirical evidence indicates that recovery is heavily influenced by context, both social (e.g. social and professional relationships), and psychological (e.g. locus of control megaloblastic anemia, wellbeing ). Although there is evidence that distinct stages of recovery can be differentiated , these stages are not linear .
- Individuals who have a mental illness are irresponsible and can’t make life decisions for themselves.
- Medicines are one part of an effective treatment plan for mental illnesses.
- Attitudes about mental illness are changing, although there is a long way to go before people accept that mental illness is a disease with a biological basis.
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The most important judge of recovery is the person directly affected. Therefore the individual’s values and preferences for specific treatments or other forms of support should be central.
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An agenda for collaborative government action in mental health 2009–2014. Recovery may not mean getting one’s previous life back – none of us can go backwards – but many people identify that the experience of mental ill-health has unexpected benefits.